Domestic or farm animals are the main targets of Q fever, which includes sheep, cattle, and goats. Q fever is a bacterial disease brought on by Coxiella burnetii that can also infect people.
Human infections begin with flu-like symptoms, including fever, headache, and tiredness, which then lead to pneumonia. Chronic infections can develop problems with the heart, liver, or bones. It can be spread by consuming raw dairy products. The infected birth products of animals, urine or feces can cause the spread of bacteria to individuals.
What is the Q Fever Vaccine?
The Q-VAX vaccination is the only vaccine that is officially approved for use in humans. It is a single-cell vaccine made from the Henzerling type of Coxiella burnetii that has been killed. As it can cause adverse reactions in people who were previously introduced to it, it is strictly controlled in how it is used.
The Q Fever Vaccine, when it works right, lets your immune system “see” the infection safely. It can prepare a response if you are ever exposed to it.
How Effective Is It?
Research has demonstrated the effectiveness of the Q Fever Vaccine, also known as Q-VAX, with protection that lasts for years. Vaccinations are not, however, performed carelessly due to safety issues. This is because of the seriousness of some reactions, particularly in those who have previously been immune. Individuals who work in veterinary clinics, cattle farms, or slaughterhouses may be at high risk of getting affected by Q-Fever and hence, they should use the vaccine for it.
Why Pre-Screening Is Essential
Two tests are required before administering the Q Fever Vaccine:
- Skin Test: To determine whether you have preexisting immunity or hypersensitivity, use a skin test.
- Blood Test: A blood-based serological test to identify previous Coxiella burnetii exposure
After exposure, the vaccine may cause irritation, lumps, or infections. Pre-vaccination testing, avoid it.
Individuals must pass the screening without prior exposure. Before being exposed to animals or contaminated settings, the body needs two weeks to build immunity.
Side Effects and Risks
The following are typical side effects of the Q Fever Vaccine:
- Discomfort at the injection site, swelling, and oedema
- Mild pain
- Sudden flu symptoms
Way to Stay Safe Without a Vaccine
Since the Q Fever Vaccine isn’t widely available, the best way to protect yourself is to avoid getting it. Some important methods are:
- Staying away from cattle, especially during birth and slaughter
- Wearing masks and gloves in an infectious atmosphere
- Avoiding raw milk
- Animal-friendly aeration
- Applications of high standards of cleanliness in fields.
Anyone who wants to avoid getting Q fever can do so by following the safety steps mentioned above.
Who Should Get Vaccinated?
Individuals in high-risk occupations are most suited for the Q Fever Vaccine:
- Livestock slaughterers
- Agricultural workers
- Veterinary and animal handlers
- Laboratory personnel handling Coxiella burnetii
How Immunity Works
Your immune system reacts to the Q Fever Vaccine by producing T-cell responses to fight intracellular bacteria and antibodies that recognise extracellular germs. The T-cell response is crucial because it “ticks over” in the background, prepared to respond if a live infection tries to establish itself.
Conclusion
Although it is uncommon in many locations, exposure to livestock can result in Q fever. Only individuals who pass pre-screening can receive the Q Fever Vaccine (Q-VAX), which provides strong protection under very specific circumstances. Prevention must rely largely on exposure control and hygiene practices because it is not generally accessible.
To learn more about Point Cook Doctors’ immunisation services, if you live in Victoria and work around animals, contact us. Our medical staff can assist you with safe vaccinations, consultation, and pre-screening if you qualify.
Contact Point Cook Doctors if you work in a high-risk position. We can tell you if you should get screened for or vaccinated against Q fever.
